REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS
Reproduction is a process of
producing new offspring and a means of self-perpetuation. Reproduction is an essential process as it leads to
continuation of species as well as to maintain the continuity of life.
Hence, reproduction is one of the most important characteristics of all living
organisms. The modes of reproduction vary according to individual species and
available conditions.
MODES
OF REPRODUCTION
In plants, there are two main modes of
reproduction:
(a)
Asexual
reproduction
(b)
Sexual
reproduction.
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Sexual
reproduction
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Asexual
reproduction
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Sexual reproduction
requires two parents except bisexual plants
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Asexual reproduction
requires only one parent.
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Fusion of male and
female gametes
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Fusion of Gametes are
not requiring
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Offspring produced are
not similar to parents shows genetic variation.
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The offspring are
similar to the patents.
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Sexual reproduction is
common in most of plants and animals.
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Asexual reproduction is
observed in lower animals and plants. In higher animals it is absent.
|
|
Sexual reproduction is a
less rapid method of multiplication
|
Asexual reproduction is
rapid method of multiplication
|
|
Meiosis is most for
production of gametes before sexual reproduction.
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Meiosis does not take
place before asexual reproduction.
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Asexual
Reproduction:
Asexual reproduction does not involve fusion
of two compatible gametes or sex cells.
By asexual reproduction genetically identical
progeny is produced from a single organism which inherits the genes of the
parent. Such morphologically and genetically identical individuals are called clones.
Organisms choose to reproduce asexually by different modes or ways:
Modes / ways
of Asexual reproduction-
i. Fragmentation: Multicellular organisms
like filamentous algae and
fungi. In fragmentation, filamental algae (Spirogyra)
gets broken into small segments called fragments. Each fragment divides and
re-divides to form new filament. Fragmentation may be seen in fungi where hyphae
or mycelium may accidently fragmented.
ii. Budding: It is the most common method
of asexual reproduction in unicellular Yeast. During favorable conditions, a small outgrowth (bud) Is produced from
a parental cell. As the bud is formed, the nucleus of the parent cell divides
and one daughter nucleus migrates into the bud. The bud increases in size,
breaks off and forms a new individual. Sometimes chains of buds may be produced.
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